Ken Baker, PhD
Associate Staff
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Molecular Medicine, CCLCM-CWRU
Email: [email protected]
Location: Cleveland Clinic Main Campus
Research
The Baker Lab aims to develop and translate more effective neurostimulation-based approaches to help patients suffering from acquired brain injuries, including stroke and traumatic brain injury, as well as movement disorders. Our preclinical efforts emphasize novel targets and strategies to personalize the use of options like deep brain stimulation (DBS), with the help of a wide range of preclinical disease models. Our clinical work involves clinical research and trials dedicated to better understanding the effects of DBS-based treatment approaches and refining their application.
Both efforts combine behavioral, neurophysiological, and imaging data and involve crucial collaborations across neurosurgery, neurology, radiology, and biomedical engineering.
Biography
Dr. Baker has more than twenty years of experience in deep brain stimulation in preclinical models and clinical work. In addition to his Neurosciences associate staff role, Dr. Baker holds a secondary appointment in the Center for Neurological Restoration at Cleveland Clinic’s Neurological Institute. He serves as co-director of the Center of Excellence in Translational Therapies for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation.
Dr. Baker earned his PhD at the University of Arizona in Speech & Hearing Science. He then started at Cleveland Clinic in 2000 through a fellowship in Movement Disorders Research within the Department of Neurology.
Education & Professional Highlights
Appointed: 2000
Fellowship - Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, OH USA
1999
Medical Education - University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ USA
1998
Graduate School - University of Redlands
Ca USA
1991
Undergraduate - University of Redlands
Ca USA
1990
Ongoing Professional Memberships
2005 – present: Member, Society for Neurosciences
2018 – present: Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Cleveland, OH
Honors
2004: Innovator Award, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
2005: Research Project Award, Bakken Heart-Brain Institute, Cleveland Clinic
2005: Innovator Award, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Research
Overview
My research interests are in the areas of neuromodulation, in particular the application of neurostimulation-based approaches for the study and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disease. I am currently involved in studies of the neurophysiology of movement disorders, the therapeutic mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (DBS), and the potential of novel DBS approaches to improve treatment efficacy and outcomes in both Parkinson’s disease and stroke. My work involves experimental and clinical trial research in humans as well as preclinical trials using non-human animal models of disease. Many of my projects involve close collaboration with other neuroscientists as well as neurosurgeons, neurologists, radiologists, and/or biomedical engineers.
Our Team
Selected Publications
Selected Publications (2014 - present):
Chornyy S, Das A, Borovicka JA, Patel D, Chan HH, Hermann JK, Jaramillo TC, Machado AG, Baker KB, Dana H. (2021) Cellular-resolution monitoring of ischemic stroke pathologies in the rat cortex. Biomed Opt Express 16;12(8):4901-4919. PMID: 34513232; PMCID: PMC8407830
Campbell BA, Cho H, Faulhammer RM, Hogue O, Tsai JP, Hussain MS, Machado AG, Baker KB. (2021) Stability and Effect of Parkinsonian State on Deep Brain Stimulation Cortical Evoked Potentials. Neuromodulation 2021 Jul 26. doi: 10.1111/ner.13508. PMID: 34309115
Cooperrider J, Momin A, Baker KB, Machado AG. (2021) Cerebellar Neuromodulation for Stroke. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep. 8(2):57-63. PMID: 33585074; PMCID: PMC7879492
Bore JC, Campbell BA, Cho H, Gopalakrishnan R, Machado AG, Baker KB. (2020) Prediction of mild parkinsonism revealed by neural oscillatory changes and machine learning. J Neurophysiol. 124(6):1698-1705. PMID: 33052766; PMCID: PMC7814907
Jones SE, Lempka SF, Gopalakrishnan R, Baker KB, Beall EB, Bhattacharyya P, Huang X, Lin J, Chen J, Lowe MJ, Malone DA, Machado AG. (2021) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Ventral Striatal Deep Brain Stimulation for Poststroke Pain. Neuromodulation 24(2):259-264. PMID: 32744789
Branco de Paiva F, Campbell BA, Frizon LA, Martin A, Maldonado-Naranjo A, Machado AG, Baker KB. (2020) Feasibility and performance of a frameless stereotactic system for targeting subcortical nuclei in nonhuman primates. J Neurosurg. Mar 6:1-8. PMID: 32114536
Frizon LA, Gopalakrishnan R, Hogue O, Floden D, Nagel SJ, Baker KB, Isolan GR, Stefani MA, Machado AG. (2020) Cortical thickness in visuo-motor areas is related to motor outcomes after STN DBS for Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 71:17-22. PMID: 31978672
Campbell BA, Machado AG, Baker KB. (2019) Electrophysiologic mapping for deep brain stimulation for movement disorders. Handb Clin Neurol.160:345-355. PMID: 31277859
Cooperrider J, Chan HH, Gale JT, Park HJ, Baker KB, Machado AG. (2019) BrdU-induced hyperlocomotion in the stroked rat. Neurosci Lett.703:96-98. PMID: 30853407; PMCID: PMC6525031
Chan HH, Wathen CA, Mathews ND, Hogue O, Modic JP, Kundalia R, Wyant C, Park HJ, Najm IM, Trapp BD, Machado AG, Baker KB. (2018) Lateral cerebellar nucleus stimulation promotes motor recovery and suppresses neuroinflammation in a fluid percussion injury rodent model. Brain Stimul. 11(6):1356-1367. PMID: 30061053
Hendrix CM, Campbell BA, Tittle BJ, Johnson LA, Baker KB, Johnson MD, Molnar GF, Vitek JL. (2018) Predictive encoding of motor behavior in the supplementary motor area is disrupted in Parkinsonism. J Neurophysiol. 120(3):1247-1255. PMID: 29873615
Gopalakrishnan R, Burgess RC, Malone DA, Lempka SF, Gale JT, Floden DP, Baker KB, Machado AG. (2018) Deep brain stimulation of the ventral striatal area for poststroke pain syndrome: a magnetoencephalography study. J Neurophysiol. 119(6):2118-2128. PMID: 29384450
Hashimoto T, Muralidharan A, Yoshida K, Goto T, Yako T, Baker KB, Vitek JL. (2017) Neuronal activity and outcomes from thalamic surgery for spinocerebellar ataxia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 5(1):52-63. PMID: 29376092; PMCID: PMC5771317
Chan HH, Cooperrider J, Chen Z, Gale JT, Baker KB, Wathen CA, Modic CR, Park HJ, Machado AG. (2017) Lateral Cerebellar Nucleus Stimulation has Selective Effects on Glutamatergic and GABAergic Perilesional Neurogenesis After Cortical Ischemia in the Rodent Model. Neurosurgery 83(5):1057-1067. PMID: 29029200
Escobar Sanabria D, Johnson LA, Nebeck SD, Zhang J, Johnson MD, Baker KB, Molnar GF, Vitek JL. (2017) Parkinsonism and vigilance: alteration in neural oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling in the basal ganglia and motor cortex. J Neurophysiol. 118(5):2654-2669. PMID: 28835526; PMCID: PMC5672540
Lempka SF, Malone DA, Hu B, Baker KB, Wyant A, Ozinga J, Plow EB, Pandya M, Kubu CS, Ford PJ, Machado AG. (2017) Randomized clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for post-stroke pain. Ann Neurol. 81(5):653-663. PMID: 28380672
Wang J, Johnson LA, Jensen AL, Baker KB, Vitek JL. (2017) Network wide oscillations in the parkinsonian state: Alterations in neuronal activities occur in the premotor cortex in parkinsonian non-human primates. J Neurophysiol. 117(6):2242-2249. PMID: 28228579
Chan HH, Cooperrider JL, Park HJ, Wathen CA, Gale JT, Baker KB, Machado AG. (2017) Crossed Cerebellar Atrophy of the Lateral Cerebellar Nucleus in an Endothelin-1-Induced, Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci. 9:10. PMID: 28261086; PMCID: PMC5313508
Muralidharan A, Zhang J, Ghosh D, Johnson MD, Baker KB, Vitek JL. (2017) Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Motor Thalamus during GPi-DBS in the MPTP Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Stimul. 10(1):126-138. PMID: 27839724; PMCID: PMC5241168
Johnson LA, Nebeck SD, Muralidharan A, Johnson MD, Baker KB, Vitek JL. (2016) Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms in a Non-Human Primate - Is Beta Enough? Brain Stimul. 9(6):892-896. PMID: 27401045; PMCID: PMC5143196
Wang J, Nebeck S, Muralidharan A, Johnson MD, Vitek JL, Baker KB. (2016) Coordinated Reset Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Produces Long-Lasting, Dose-Dependent Motor Improvements in the 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Non-Human Primate Model of Parkinsonism. Brain Stimul. 9(4):609-617. PMID: 27151601
Muralidharan A, Jensen AL, Connolly AT, Hendrix CM, Johnson MD, Baker KB, Vitek JL. (2016) Physiological changes in the pallidum in a progressive model of Parkinson's disease: Are oscillations enough? Exp Neurol. 279:187-196. PMID: 26946223; PMCID: PMC4920549
Cooperrider J, Gale JT, Gopalakrishnan R, Chan HH, Wathen C, Park HJ, Baker KB, Shaikh AG, Machado AG. (2016) Differential frequency modulation of neural activity in the lateral cerebellar nucleus in failed and successful grasps. Exp Neurol. 277:27-34. PMID: 26698925; PMCID: PMC4761293
Connolly AT, Vetter RJ, Hetke JF, Teplitzky BA, Kipke DR, Pellinen DS, Anderson DJ, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Johnson MD. (2016) A Novel Lead Design for Modulation and Sensing of Deep Brain Structures. IEEE TBME 63(1):148-57. PMID: 26529747; PMCID: PMC4716872
Connolly AT, Muralidharan A, Hendrix C, Johnson L, Gupta R, Stanslaski S, Denison T, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Johnson MD. (2015) Local field potential recordings in a non-human primate model of Parkinsons disease using the Activa PC + S neurostimulator. J Neurosci. 12(6):066012. PMID: 26469737; PMCID: PMC5130227
Dorval AD, Murali A, Jensen AL, Baker KB, Vitek JL. (2015) Information in pallidal neurons increases with parkinsonian severity. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 21(11):1355-61. PMID: 26433544; PMCID: PMC4631644
Park HJ, Furmaga H, Cooperrider J, Gale JT, Baker KB, Machado AG. (2015) Modulation of Cortical Motor Evoked Potential After Stroke During Electrical Stimulation of the Lateral Cerebellar Nucleus. Brain Stimul. 8(6):1043-8. PMID: 26215752; PMCID: PMC4656069
Zitella LM, Teplitzky BA, Yager P, Hudson HM, Brintz K, Duchin Y, Harel N, Vitek JL, Baker KB, Johnson MD. (2015) Subject-specific computational modeling of DBS in the PPTg area. Front Comp Neurosci. 9:93. PMID: 26236229; PMCID: PMC4500924
Agnesi F, Muralidharan A, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Johnson MD. (2015) Fidelity of frequency and phase entrainment of circuit-level spike activity during DBS. J Neurophysiol. 114(2):825-34. PMID: 26084905; PMCID: PMC4533062
Zitella LM, Xiao Y, Teplitzky BA, Kast DJ, Duchin Y, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Adriany G, Yacoub E, Harel N, Johnson MD. (2015) In Vivo 7T MRI of the Non-Human Primate Brainstem. PLoS One 10(5):e0127049. PMID: 25965401; PMCID: PMC4428864
Connolly AT, Jensen AL, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Johnson MD. (2015) Classification of pallidal oscillations with increasing parkinsonian severity. J Neurophysiol. 114(1):209-18. PMID: 25878156; PMCID: PMC4507953
Connolly A, Jensen A, Bello E, Netoff T, Baker KB, Johnson M, Vitek JL. (2015) Modulations in oscillatory frequency and coupling in globus pallidus with increasing parkinsonian severity. J Neurosci. 35(15):6231-6240. PMID: 25878293; PMCID: PMC4397612
Johnson LA, Xu W, Baker KB, Zhang J, Vitek JL. (2015) Modulation of motor cortex neuronal activity and motor behavior during subthalamic nucleus stimulation in the normal primate. J Neurophys. 113(7):2549-2554. PMID: 25673744; PMCID: PMC4416594
Cooperrider J, Furmaga H, Plow E, Park H, Chen Z, Kidd G, Baker KB, Gale J, Machado AG. (2014) Chronic deep cerebellar stimulation promotes long-term potentiation, microstructural plasticity, and reorganization of perilesional cortical representation in a rodent model. J Neurosci. 34(27):9040-50. PMID: 24990924; PMCID: PMC4078081
Furmaga H, Park Hyun-Joo, Cooperrider J, Baker KB, Johnson M, Gale JT, Machado AG. (2014) Effects of ketamine and propofol on motor evoked potentials elicited by intracranial microstimulation during deep brain stimulation. Front Syst Neurosci. 8:1-9. PMID: 24904312; PMCID: PMC4033249
John K. Hermann, Ashley Borseth, Francesco G. Pucci, Carmen Toth, Olivia Hogue, Hugh H. Chan, Andre G. Machado, Kenneth B. Baker, Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by lateral cerebellar nucleus deep brain stimulation in the naïve rodent, Neuroscience Letters, Volume 786, 2022, 136800, ISSN 0304-3940.
Campbell BA, Favi Bocca L, Escobar DS, Almeida J, Rammo R, Nagel S, Machado AG, Baker KB. The impact of pulse timing on cortical and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation evoked potentials. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2022 Sep 20. 16:1009223. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1009223.
Gopalakrishnan R, Cunningham DA, Hogue O, Schroedel M, Campbell BA, Plow EB, Baker KB, Machado AG. Cortico-cerebellar connectivity underlying motor control in chronic post-stroke individuals. J Neurosci. 2022 May 23:JN-RM-2443-21. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2443- 21.2022. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35610051.
Chelangat Bore J, A Campbell B, Cho H, Pucci F, Gopalakrishnan R, G Machado A, B Baker K. Long-lasting effects of subthalamic nucleus coordinated reset deep brain stimulation in the non-human primate model of parkinsonism: A case report. Brain Stimul. 2022 Apr 8;15(3):598-600. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.04.005. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35405326.
Bore JC, Toth C, Campbell BA, Cho H, Pucci F, Hogue O, Machado AG, Baker KB. Consistent Changes in Cortico-Subthalamic Directed Connectivity Are Associated With the Induction of Parkinsonism in a Chronically Recorded Non-human Primate Model. Front Neurosci. 2022 Mar 4;16:831055. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.831055. PMID: 35310095; PMCID: PMC8930827.
Campbell BA, Cho H, Faulhammer RM, Hogue O, Tsai JP, Hussain MS, Machado AG, Baker KB. Stability and Effect of Parkinsonian State on Deep Brain Stimulation Cortical Evoked Potentials. Neuromodulation. 2021 Jul 26. doi: 10.1111/ner.13508. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34309115.
Bore J, Campbell BA, Cho H., Gopalakrishnan R, Machado AG, Baker KB. Prediction of mild Parkinsonism revealed by neural oscillatory changes and machine learning. J Neurophysiol. 2020 Oct 14. doi: 10.1152/jn.00534.2020. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33052766.
Branco de Paiva F*, Campbell BA*, Frizon LA, Martin A, Maldonado-Naranjo A, Machado AG, Baker KB. Feasibility and performance of a frameless stereotactic system for targeting subcortical nuclei in nonhuman primates. J Neurosurg. 2020 Mar 6:1-8. doi: 0.3171/2019.12.JNS192946. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32114536. (*authors contributed equally to this manuscript).
Careers
We’re a multi-disciplinary team interested in developing and improving approaches to neuromodulation. Our research spans basic, preclinical and clinical work.
Research News
Dr. Hod Dana partners with Drs. Ken Baker and Andre Machado to help understand neural activity behind deep brain stimulation for stroke.
First in-human trial phase one results, published in Nature Medicine, build on more than a decade of preclinical research.
In this three-year clinical study, Drs. Alberts and Baker will utilize virtual reality technology to isolate the causes of freezing of gait, a debilitating symptom of Parkinson’s disease, thanks to support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research.
